Insomnia disorder
Persistent trouble falling or staying asleep. Affects 1 in 3 US adults annually.
Obstructive sleep apnea
Repeated airway collapse during sleep. Affects an estimated 30 million Americans.
Restless legs syndrome
Irresistible urge to move the legs, worse at night. Often linked to iron deficiency.
Narcolepsy
Chronic neurological disorder causing sudden sleep attacks and cataplexy.
Parasomnias
Sleepwalking, night terrors, REM behavior disorder. Most resolve with treatment of underlying triggers.
When to see a specialist
Persistent symptoms over 4 weeks, daytime impairment or witnessed apneic events warrant referral.